In today's lecture, we are going to look at three North American examples of forest disturbances. From the Giant Sequoias on the west coast, to the boreal ecosystems stretching throughout Canada, to old growth oak forests in my own backyard. Disturbance regimes are changing through direct and indirect human interactions. These interactions are altering the species composition of these forests as well as the way they function. We'll study how these researchers applied methods of dendrochronology and the underlying principles of forest ecology to to answer these questions. We will look at these patterns and hopefully be able to better understand forest ecology from the perspective of the forest floor.