Today, we are going to look at the development of single cohort stand. A single cohort is a stand of trees that become established within 10 years of each-other. After a major disturbance in which all trees in the local area are killed, that region will (usually) go through four four stages, which we will learn about in this lecture. Stand initiation, stem exclusion, understory re-initiation, and old growth. These four stages are extremely site specific and vary a ton depending on the species growing in that area, disturbance severity, disturbance frequency, plant phenology, and abiotic and biotic factors of that specific microsite. As I hike through Chestnut ridge county park, I will find different single species and multi-species stands at different stages of forest development. I will discuss the two major successional theories and apply them to the examples I find. We will look at these patterns and hopefully be able to better understand forest ecology from the perspective of the forest floor.